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| "A
life totally commited to God has |
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nothing
to fear,
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nothing
to lose,
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nothing
to regret."
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--Pandita
Ramabai
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| PANDITA
RAMABAI |
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On
the 23rd of April, 1858, in the forest of Gangamula, in the
Western Ghats of India, a child was born, who, as a woman,
was to stand forth alone, the one fearless champion of the
rights of her unfortunate sisters, to strike from them the
chains of ignorance and superstitions that for centuries had
kept them in cruel bondage. Her parents gave to her the name
of the goddess Rama, which signifies "bright". Her father,
Anant Shastri Dongre, a learned Brahmin, taking
to himself a child-wife nine years of age, resolved to put
in practice his liberal theories concerning female education.
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But
so horrified were his people by this open disregard of the
cherished
traditions and customs of the country that he was obliged
to make for himself and his little wife a home in the forest,
where he could teach her unmolested, save by the wild beasts.
Laksmibai's early memories of that home were of lying on the
ground night after night, convulsed with terror by the cries
of the beasts in the jungle, her husband sitting by her side
to soothe her. Day by day the lessons went on. Her gifted
mind responded readily to her husband's teachings. In time,
she realised his fondest hopes, and became the teacher of
the children who came to them.
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Ramabai's early memories of the forest homes were those
of being awakened at early dawn by a mother's tender caress,
of the early morning lessons learned only from her mother's
lips and from Nature, into which were woven the glories of
the morning sky, the sweet melody of birds, and the majestic
voices of the forest. Not long after her birth the life of
the family became a wandering one, consisting of homes in
forests, long pilgrimages, travelling from city to city, from
town to town, often shelterless at night and, hungry by day,
the father still pleading fearlessly for the elevation of
his countrywomen. During this time Ramabai's education continued,
and was entirely of a religious nature. At twelve years of
age, she had committed to memory eighteen thousand sacred
verses from the Puranas, all of which she repeated, with but
two mistakes, five years previously. Here she gained her great
knowledge of the Sanskrit language.
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After
the death of the parents, the brother and sister took up the
work of the father. Ramabai's fame as a lecturer reaching
the ears of the Pandits of Calcutta, they desired to hear
and see for themselves. She obeyed their summons to appear
before them; and so astonished and pleased were they by the
clearness of her views, and her eloquence in presenting them,
that they conferred on her the title, Pandita.
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It
was during these wanderings with her brother that her faith
in the Hindu religion was shaken, though she worshipped the
gods of brass and stone until twenty years old. The freedom
of their lives had given to the brother and sister keen powers
of observation, and they resolved to test the teachings of
the sacred books whenever possible.
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While
wandering from place to place, Ramabai had free access to
the homes of the high-caste Hindus, saw the home life in all
its cruel details, and resolved to devote her life to the
redemption of her unfortunate sisters, especially the child-widows.
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Her
brother's death left her alone in the world; but meeting an
educated man who sympathised with her unselfish resolve, she
married him, though of low caste, and was very happy, made
more happy by the birth of a little girl, whom they called
Manorama, heart's delight. As Ramabai, with the aid of her
husband, was about to establish a little school for widows,
he suddenly died. Feeling then the need of greater work and
a better training for it, she resolved to go to England. Before
leaving her country, she had founded the Arya Mahila Samaj
in Poona, for the promotion of female education and discouragement
of child marriage.
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In
May 1883, Ramabai landed in England, a stranger to its people,
its customs and manners. She very quickly learned the language,
was made professor of Sanskrit in the Cheltenham Female College,
and studied higher mathematics, English literature, etc. Here
she embraced Christianity, and was baptised. Receiving an
unexpected invitation to come to Philadelphia in February,
1886, to attend the graduation of her cousin, Dr. Anandibai
Joshi, she felt it to be the call of God. In Dean Bodley of
the Women's Medical College, she found a true friend who encouraged
her to remain and work out her plans in America. Through the
public-school system, the kindergarten and industrial training,
she saw an open door for her work. She made appeals to the
people to aid her in establishing a secular school for the
high-caste child widows. The appeals were to men and women
of every denomination. She asked, moreover, that they should
form themselves into an undenominational Association to be
the custodian of the funds that might be given her, and to
which she should be responsible for the use of those funds.
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On
May 28, 1887, a public meeting was held in the Channing Hall
of the American Unitarian Association Building under the auspices
of the Unitarians. The hall was filled to overflowing. The
audience was moved to tears and laughter by Ramabai's pathos
and keen wit. At the close of her stirring appeal, Rev. Charles
G. Ames moved that a provisional committee of women be appointed
then and there to consider Ramabai's plans, to act as far
as possible, and report at a later meeting for the purpose.
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After
the formation of the Association, Ramabai considered herself
its servant. From May 1887, to November 1888, this dauntless
little woman of thirty, showed a degree of mental and physical
endurance that was marvellous even in the eyes of an American.
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In
November 1888, Ramabai bid goodbye to a land that had grown
dear to her, and turned her face homewards bright with hope,
and with a brave heart, though she knew not how she would
be received by her countrymen. On February 1, 1889, Ramabai
again stood on the shores of her native land, after an absence
of six years. In less than six weeks a school was opened in
Bombay, named the Sharada Sadan, signifying a Home of Wisdom.
It opened with two pupils, one of whom, Godubai, then became
the educated wife of a professor in Fergusson College, Poona.
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In
1891, Ramabai was led to a clearer understanding of the spiritual
nature of Christianity and to a perception of the deep things
of God through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. "One thing
I knew by this time," she wrote, "that I needed Christ and
not merely His religion... I was desperate... What was to
be done? My thoughts could not and did not help me. I had
at last come to an end of myself, and unconditionally surrendered
myself to the Saviour; and asked Him to be merciful to me,
and to become my righteousness and redemption, and to take
away all my sin...."
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Her
personal life was bound to influence the pupils, who requested
to be permitted to join Bible studies and later requested
baptism. There was strong opposition from the press and Indian
reformers. Ramabai strongly objected to the pressure to close
her door while reading the Bible to her daughter. "I have
the same freedom to practise Christianity which these girls
have to practise their religion. Why should I shut the door
of my room, which I do not shut at any other time during 24
hours of the day?"
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In
1904, Ramabai commenced translation of the Bible in Marathi.
In 1913, the first edition of the New Testament of Ramabai's
translation in Marathi was published. In 1924, the complete
Bible was printed in the Mukti Printing Press.
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During
the famines of 1896-97 in Madhya Pradesh and 1900-01 in Gujarat,
Ramabai was instrumental in bringing over 2000 women and girls
who were rescued. These girls were housed in the temporary
sheds at the 100 acre farm which she had purchased in 1895
at Kedgaon.
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The
Spiritual Revival of 1905, was preceded by the Prayer Circle
of 70, who met daily for prayer, before attending their Bible
classes and morning prayers. Soon the number swelled to 700
and the Church had to be used for the meeting. She wrote,
"I am not aware that anything like the present Holy Ghost
revival, has ever visited India before the year 1905." She
was genuinely happy that she had seen it in her lifetime.
Ramabai was awarded the Kaiser-I-Hind medal for community
service in 1919. July 24, 1921, was a sad day for her.
Manorama, her only daughter, had died. She herself did not
wait long after that, and on April 5, 1922, herself left for
her heavenly abode. And as she quoted, "A life totally committed
to God, has nothing to fear, nothing to lose and nothing to
regret."
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